Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary on the Whole Bible
Revelation Chapter 19
In this chapter we have,
PART I.
A further account of the triumphant song of angels and saints for the fall of Babylon (v. 1-4).
PART II.
The marriage between Christ and the church proclaimed and perfected (v. 5-10).
PART III.
Another warlike expedition of the glorious head and husband of the church, with the success of it (v. 10, etc.).
Verses 1-4
The fall of Babylon being fixed, finished, and declared to be irrecoverable in the foregoing chapter, this begins with a holy triumph over her, in pursuance of the order given forth: Rejoice over her, thou heaven, and you holy apostles and prophets, ch. 18:20. They now gladly answer the call; and here you have,
ITEM 1.
The form of their thanksgiving, in that heavenly and most comprehensive word, Alleluia, praise you the Lord: with this they begin, with this they go on, and with this
they end (v. 4); their prayers are now turned into praises, their hosannas end in halleluias.
ITEM 2.
The matter of their thanksgiving: they praise him for the truth of his
word, and the righteousness of his providential conduct, especially in this great event-the ruin of Babylon, which had been a mother, nurse, and nest of idolatry, lewdness,
and cruelty (v. 2), for which signal example of divine justice they ascribe salvation, and glory, and honour, and power, unto our God.
ITEM 3.
The effect of these their praises: when the angels and saints cried Alleluia, her fire burned more fiercely and her smoke ascended for ever and ever, v. 3. The surest
way to have our deliverances continued and completed is to give God the glory of what he has done for us. Praising God for what we have is praying in the most effectual
manner for what is yet further to be done for us; the praises of the saints blow up the fire of God's wrath against the common enemy.
ITEM 4.
The blessed harmony between the angels and the saints in this triumphant song, v. 4. The churches and their ministers take the melodious sound from the angels, and
repeat it; falling down, and worshipping God, they cry, Amen, Alleluia.
Verses 5-10
The triumphant song being ended, and epithalamium, or marriage-song, begins, v. 6. Here observe,
PART I.
The concert of heavenly music. The chorus was large and loud, as the voice of many waters and of mighty thunderings. God is fearful in praises. There is no discord in heaven; the morning stars sing together; no jarring string, nor key untuned, but pure and perfect melody.
PART II.
The occasion of this song; and that is the reign and dominion of that omnipotent God who has redeemed his church by his own blood, and is now in a more public manner betrothing her to himself: The marriage of the Lamb has come, v. 7. Some think this refers to the conversion of the Jews, which they suppose will succeed the fall of Babylon; others, to the general resurrection: the former seems more probable. Now,
ITEM 1.
You have here a description of the bride, how she appeared; not in the gay and gaudy
dress of the mother of harlots, but in fine linen, clean and white, which is the righteousness of saints; in the robes of Christ's righteousness, both imputed for
justification and imparted for sanctification-the stola, the white robe of absolution, adoption, and enfranchisement, and the white robe of purity and universal holiness.
She had washed her robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb; and these her nuptial ornaments she did not purchase by any price of her own, but received them as
the gift and grant of her blessed Lord.
ITEM 2.
The marriage-feast, which, though not particularly described (as Mt. 22:4), yet is declared to be such as would make all those
happy who were called to it, so called as to accept the invitation, a feast made up of the promises of the gospel, the true sayings of God, v. 9. These promises, opened,
applied, sealed, and earnested by the Spirit of God, in holy eucharistical ordinances, are the marriage-feast; and the whole collective body of all those who partake of
this feast is the bride, the Lamb's wife; they eat into one body, and drink into one Spirit, and are not mere spectators or guests, but coalesce into the espoused party,
the mystical body of Christ.
ITEM 3.
The transport of joy which the apostle felt in himself at this vision. He fell down at the feet of the angel, to worship him, supposing
him to be more than a creature, or having his thoughts at the present overpowered by the vehemency of his affections. Here observe,
(1.) What honour he offered to the
angel: He fell at his feet, to worship him; this prostration was a part of external worship, it was a posture of proper adoration.
(2.) How the angel refused it, and this
was with some resentment: "See thou do it not; have a care what thou doest, thou art doing a wrong thing."
(3.) He gave a very good reason for his refusal: "I am thy
fellow-servant, and of thy brethren which have the testimony of Jesus-I am a creature, thine equal in office, though not in nature; I, as an angel and messenger of God,
have the testimony of Jesus, a charge to be a witness for him and to testify concerning him, and thou, as an apostle, having the Spirit of prophecy, hast the same
testimony to give in; and therefore we are in this brethren and fellow-servants."
(4.) He directs him to the true and only object of religious worship; namely,
God: "Worship God, and him alone." This fully condemns both the practice of the papists in worshipping the elements of bread and wine, and saints, and angels, and the
practice of those Socinians and Arians who do not believe that Christ is truly and by nature God, and yet pay him religious worship; and this shows what wretched fig-leaves
all their evasions and excuses are which they offer in their own vindication: they stand hereby convicted of idolatry by a messenger from heaven.
Verses 11-21
No sooner was the marriage solemnized between Christ and his church by the conversion of the Jews than the glorious head and husband of the church is called out to a new expedition, which seems to be the great battle that was to be fought at Armageddon, foretold ch. 16:16. And here observe,
PART I.
The description of the great Commander,
ITEM 1.
By the seat of his empire; and that is heaven; his throne is there, and his power and authority are heavenly and divine.
ITEM 2.
His equipage: he is again described as sitting on a white horse, to show the equity of the cause, and certainty of success.
ITEM 3.
His attributes: he is faithful and true to his covenant and promise, he is righteous in all his judicial and military proceedings, he has a penetrating insight into
all the strength and stratagems of his enemies, he has a large and extensive dominion, many crowns, for he is King of kings, and Lord of lords.
ITEM 4.
His armour; and that is a vesture dipped in blood, either his own blood,
by which he purchased this mediatorial power, or the blood of his enemies, over whom he has always prevailed.
ITEM 5.
His name: The Word of God, a name that none fully knows
but himself, only this we know, that this Word was God manifest in the flesh; but his perfections are incomprehensible by any creature.
PART II.
The army which he commands (v. 14), a very large one, made up of many armies; angels and saints followed his conduct, and resembled him in their equipage, and in their armour of purity and righteousness-chosen, and called, and faithful.
PART III.
The weapons of his warfare-A sharp sword proceeding from his mouth (v. 15), with which he smites the nations, either the threatenings of the written word, which now he is going to execute, or rather his word of command calling on his followers to take a just revenge on his and their enemies, who are now put into the wine-press of the wrath of God, to be trodden under foot by him.
PART IV.
The ensigns of his authority, his coat of arms-a name written on his vesture and thigh, King of kings, and Lord of lords, asserting his authority and power, and the cause of the quarrel, v. 16.
PART V.
An invitation given to the fowls of heaven, that they should come and see the battle, and share in the spoil and pillage of the field (v. 17, 18), intimating that this great decisive engagement should leave the enemies of the church a feast for the birds of prey, and that all the world should have cause to rejoice in the issue of it.
PART VI.
The battle joined. The enemy falls on with great fury, headed by the beast, and the kings of the earth; the powers of earth and hell gathered, to make their utmost effort, v. 19.
PART VII.
The victory gained by the great and glorious head of the church: The beast and the false prophet, the leaders of the army, are taken prisoners, both he who led them by power and he who led them by policy and falsehood; these are taken and cast into the burning lake, made incapable of molesting the church of God any more; and their followers, whether officers or common soldiers, are given up to military execution, and made a feast for the fowls of heaven. Though the divine vengeance will chiefly fall upon the beast, and the false prophet, yet it will be no excuse to those who fight under their banner that they only followed their leaders and obeyed their command; since they would fight for them, they must fall and perish with them. Be wise now therefore, O you kings, be instructed, you rulers of the earth; kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and you perish from the way, Ps. 2:10, 12.