John Chapter 10
1 "Most certainly, I tell you, one who doesn't enter by the door into the sheep fold, but climbs up some other way, is a thief and a robber.
2 But one who enters in by the door is the shepherd of the sheep.
3 The gatekeeper opens the gate for him, and the sheep listen to his voice. He calls his own sheep by name, and leads them out.
4 Whenever he brings out his own sheep, he goes before them, and the sheep follow him, for they know his voice.
5 They will by no means follow a stranger, but will flee from him; for they don't know the voice of strangers."
6 Jesus spoke this parable to them, but they didn't understand what he was telling them.
7 Jesus therefore said to them again, "Most certainly, I tell you, I am the sheep's door.
8 All who came before me are thieves and robbers, but the sheep didn't listen to them.
9 I am the door. If anyone enters in by me, he will be saved, and will go in and go out, and will find pasture.
10 The thief only comes to steal, kill, and destroy. I came that they may have life, and may have it abundantly.
11 I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.
12 He who is a hired hand, and not a shepherd, who doesn't own the sheep, sees the wolf coming, leaves the sheep, and flees. The wolf snatches the sheep, and scatters them.
13 The hired hand flees because he is a hired hand, and doesn't care for the sheep.
14 I am the good shepherd. I know my own, and I'm known by my own;
15 even as the Father knows me, and I know the Father. I lay down my life for the sheep.
16 I have other sheep, which are not of this fold. I must bring them also, and they will hear my voice. They will become one flock with one shepherd.
17 Therefore the Father loves me, because I lay down my life, that I may take it again.
18 No one takes it away from me, but I lay it down by myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. I received this commandment from my Father."
19 Therefore a division arose again amongst the Jews because of these words.
20 Many of them said, "He has a demon, and is insane! Why do you listen to him?"
21 Others said, "These are not the sayings of one possessed by a demon. It isn't possible for a demon to open the eyes of the blind, is it?"
22 It was the Feast of the Dedication at Jerusalem.
23 It was winter, and Jesus was walking in the temple, in Solomon's porch.
24 The Jews therefore came around him and said to him, "How long will you hold us in suspense? If you are the Christ, tell us plainly."
25 Jesus answered them, "I told you, and you don't believe. The works that I do in my Father's name, these testify about me.
26 But you don't believe, because you are not of my sheep, as I told you.
27 My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me.
28 I give eternal life to them. They will never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand.
29 My Father who has given them to me is greater than all. No one is able to snatch them out of my Father's hand.
30 I and the Father are one."
31 Therefore Jews took up stones again to stone him.
32 Jesus answered them, "I have shown you many good works from my Father. For which of those works do you stone me?"
33 The Jews answered him, "We don't stone you for a good work, but for blasphemy: because you, being a man, make yourself God."
34 Jesus answered them, "Isn't it written in your law, 'I said, you are gods?'
35 If he called them gods, to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture can't be broken),
36 do you say of him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world, 'You blaspheme,' because I said, 'I am the Son of God?'
37 If I don't do the works of my Father, don't believe me.
38 But if I do them, though you don't believe me, believe the works, that you may know and believe that the Father is in me, and I in the Father."
39 They sought again to seize him, and he went out of their hand.
40 He went away again beyond the Jordan into the place where John was baptising at first, and he stayed there.
41 Many came to him. They said, "John indeed did no sign, but everything that John said about this man is true."
42 Many believed in him there.
Footnotes
- Verse 11
- Isaiah 40:11; Ezekiel34:11-12,15,22
- Verse 16
- Isaiah 56:8
- Verse 17
- Isaiah 53:7-8
- Verse 21
- Exodus 4:11
- Verse 22 (Feast of Dedication)
- The "Feast of the Dedication" is the Greek name for "Hanukkah", a celebration of the re-dedication of the Temple.
- Verse 34
- Psalm 82:6
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John Chapter 10 Guide
Continuing, He gave a more detailed picture of that coming order. There was to be a fold, with a door. There was to be a flock, with a shepherd. Entrance to the fold would be by the door. The flock would know and follow the shepherd. Here John declared, "They understood not what things they were that He spake unto them"; and that "therefore" of Jesus shows that what followed in His teaching resulted from their failure to understand. This fuller statement centres on two principal claims of our Lord, "I am the Door," "I am the good Shepherd." Entrance on the new order would be through Him. Of the fold He is the Door. Sustenance and government within the order would be through Him. Of the flock He would be the Shepherd. Such teaching again caused division.
While walking in the porch of Solomon, the Jews asked for some more definite pronouncement. In reply, Jesus referred them to what He had already told them, and then restated the facts of the new order, insisting on the relation between Himself and His Father. All this teaching aroused those opposed to further activity, but their rage was restrained, and they were not able to arrest Him.
From "An Exposition of the Whole Bible" by G. Campbell Morgan.
John Chapter 10 Commentary
Chapter Outline
- The parable of the good shepherd. -- (1-5)
- Christ the Door. -- (6-9)
- Christ the good Shepherd. -- (10-18)
- The Jews' opinion concerning Jesus. -- (19-21)
- His discourse at the feast of dedication. -- (22-30)
- The Jews attempt to stone Jesus. -- (31-38)
- He departs from Jerusalem. -- (39-42)
Verses 1-5
Here is a parable or similitude, taken from the customs of the East, in the management of sheep. Men, as creatures depending on their Creator, are called the sheep of his pasture. The church of God in the world is as a sheep-fold, exposed to deceivers and persecutors. The great Shepherd of the sheep knows all that are his, guards them by his providence, guides them by his Spirit and word, and goes before them, as the Eastern shepherds went before their sheep, to set them in the way of his steps. Ministers must serve the sheep in their spiritual concerns. The Spirit of Christ will set before them an open door. The sheep of Christ will observe their Shepherd, and be cautious and shy of strangers, who would draw them from faith in him to fancies about him.
Verses 6-9
Many who hear the word of Christ, do not understand it, because they will not. But we shall find one scripture expounding another, and the blessed Spirit making known the blessed Jesus. Christ is the Door. And what greater security has the church of God than that the Lord Jesus is between it and all its enemies? He is a door open for passage and communication. Here are plain directions how to come into the fold; we must come in by Jesus Christ as the Door. By faith in him as the great Mediator between God and man. Also, we have precious promises to those that observe this direction. Christ has all that care of his church, and every believer, which a good shepherd has of his flock; and he expects the church, and every believer, to wait on him, and to keep in his pasture.
Verses 10-18
Christ is a good Shepherd; many who were not thieves, yet were careless in their duty, and by their neglect the flock was much hurt. Bad principles are the root of bad practices. The Lord Jesus knows whom he has chosen, and is sure of them; they also know whom they have trusted, and are sure of Him. See here the grace of Christ; since none could demand his life of him, he laid it down of himself for our redemption. He offered himself to be the Saviour; Lo, I come. And the necessity of our case calling for it, he offered himself for the Sacrifice. He was both the offerer and the offering, so that his laying down his life was his offering up himself. From hence it is plain, that he died in the place and stead of men; to obtain their being set free from the punishment of sin, to obtain the pardon of their sin; and that his death should obtain that pardon. Our Lord laid not his life down for his doctrine, but for his sheep.
Verses 19-21
Satan ruins many, by putting them out of conceit with the word and ordinances. Men would not be laughed out of their necessary food, yet suffer themselves thus to be laughed out of what is far more necessary. If our zeal and earnestness in the cause of Christ, especially in the blessed work of bringing his sheep into his fold, bring upon us evil names, let us not heed it, but remember our Master was thus reproached before us.
Verses 22-30
All who have any thing to say to Christ, may find him in the temple. Christ would make us to believe; we make ourselves doubt. The Jews understood his meaning, but could not form his words into a full charge against him. He described the gracious disposition and happy state of his sheep; they heard and believed his word, followed him as his faithful disciples, and none of them should perish; for the Son and the Father were one. Thus he was able to defend his sheep against all their enemies, which proves that he claimed Divine power and perfection equally with the Father.
Verses 31-38
Christ's works of power and mercy proclaim him to be over all, God blessed for evermore, that all may know and believe He is in the Father, and the Father in Him. Whom the Father sends, he sanctifies. The holy God will reward, and therefore will employ, none but such as he makes holy. The Father was in the Son, so that by Divine power he wrought his miracles; the Son was so in the Father, that he knew the whole of His mind. This we cannot by searching find out to perfection, but we may know and believe these declarations of Christ.
Verses 39-42
No weapon formed against our Lord Jesus shall prosper. He escaped, not because he was afraid to suffer, but because his hour was not come. And He who knew how to deliver himself, knows how to deliver the godly our of their temptations, and to make a way for them to escape. Persecutors may drive Christ and his gospel our of their own city or country, but they cannot drive him or it out of the world. When we know Christ by faith in our hearts, we find all that the Scripture saith of him is true.
From the "Concise Commentary on the Bible" by Matthew Henry.