Judges Chapter 6
1 The children of Israel did that which was evil in the LORD's sight, so the LORD delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years.
2 The hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midian the children of Israel made themselves the dens which are in the mountains, the caves, and the strongholds.
3 So it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites, the Amalekites, and the children of the east came up against them.
4 They encamped against them, and destroyed the increase of the earth, until you come to Gaza. They left no sustenance in Israel, and no sheep, ox, or donkey.
5 For they came up with their livestock and their tents. They came in as locusts for multitude. Both they and their camels were without number; and they came into the land to destroy it.
6 Israel was brought very low because of Midian; and the children of Israel cried to the LORD.
7 When the children of Israel cried to the LORD because of Midian,
8 The LORD sent a prophet to the children of Israel; and he said to them, "The LORD, the God of Israel, says, 'I brought you up from Egypt, and brought you out of the house of bondage.
9 I delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians and out of the hand of all who oppressed you, and drove them out from before you, and gave you their land.
10 I said to you, "I am the LORD your God. You shall not fear the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you dwell." But you have not listened to my voice.' "
11 The LORD's angel came and sat under the oak which was in Ophrah, that belonged to Joash the Abiezrite. His son Gideon was beating out wheat in the wine press, to hide it from the Midianites.
12 The LORD's angel appeared to him, and said to him, "The LORD is with you, you mighty man of valour!"
13 Gideon said to him, "Oh, my lord, if the LORD is with us, why then has all this happened to us? Where are all his wondrous works which our fathers told us of, saying, 'Didn't the LORD bring us up from Egypt?' But now the LORD has cast us off, and delivered us into the hand of Midian."
14 The LORD looked at him, and said, "Go in this your might, and save Israel from the hand of Midian. Haven't I sent you?"
15 He said to him, "O Lord, how shall I save Israel? Behold, my family is the poorest in Manasseh, and I am the least in my father's house."
16 The LORD said to him, "Surely I will be with you, and you shall strike the Midianites as one man."
17 He said to him, "If now I have found favour in your sight, then show me a sign that it is you who talk with me.
18 Please don't go away until I come to you, and bring out my present, and lay it before you." He said, "I will wait until you come back."
19 Gideon went in and prepared a young goat and unleavened cakes of an ephah of meal. He put the meat in a basket and he put the broth in a pot, and brought it out to him under the oak, and presented it.
20 The angel of God said to him, "Take the meat and the unleavened cakes, and lay them on this rock, and pour out the broth." He did so.
21 Then the LORD's angel stretched out the end of the staff that was in his hand, and touched the meat and the unleavened cakes; and fire went up out of the rock and consumed the meat and the unleavened cakes. Then the LORD's angel departed out of his sight.
22 Gideon saw that he was the LORD's angel; and Gideon said, "Alas, Lord GOD! Because I have seen the LORD's angel face to face!"
23 The LORD said to him, "Peace be to you! Don't be afraid. You shall not die."
24 Then Gideon built an altar there to the LORD, and called it "The LORD is Peace." To this day it is still in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.
25 That same night, the LORD said to him, "Take your father's bull, even the second bull seven years old, and throw down the altar of Baal that your father has, and cut down the Asherah that is by it.
26 Then build an altar to the LORD your God on the top of this stronghold, in an orderly way, and take the second bull, and offer a burnt offering with the wood of the Asherah which you shall cut down."
27 Then Gideon took ten men of his servants, and did as the LORD had spoken to him. Because he feared his father's household and the men of the city, he could not do it by day, but he did it by night.
28 When the men of the city arose early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah was cut down that was by it, and the second bull was offered on the altar that was built.
29 They said to one another, "Who has done this thing?" When they enquired and asked, they said, "Gideon the son of Joash has done this thing."
30 Then the men of the city said to Joash, "Bring out your son, that he may die, because he has broken down the altar of Baal, and because he has cut down the Asherah that was by it."
31 Joash said to all who stood against him, "Will you contend for Baal? Or will you save him? He who will contend for him, let him be put to death by morning! If he is a god, let him contend for himself, because someone has broken down his altar!"
32 Therefore on that day he named him Jerub-Baal, saying, "Let Baal contend against him, because he has broken down his altar."
33 Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east assembled themselves together; and they passed over, and encamped in the valley of Jezreel.
34 But the LORD's Spirit came on Gideon, and he blew a trumpet; and Abiezer was gathered together to follow him.
35 He sent messengers throughout all Manasseh, and they also were gathered together to follow him. He sent messengers to Asher, and to Zebulun, and to Naphtali; and they came up to meet them.
36 Gideon said to God, "If you will save Israel by my hand, as you have spoken,
37 behold, I will put a fleece of wool on the threshing floor. If there is dew on the fleece only, and it is dry on all the ground, then I'll know that you will save Israel by my hand, as you have spoken."
38 It was so; for he rose up early on the next day, and pressed the fleece together, and wrung the dew out of the fleece, a bowl full of water.
39 Gideon said to God, "Don't let your anger be kindled against me, and I will speak but this once. Please let me make a trial just this once with the fleece. Let it now be dry only on the fleece, and on all the ground let there be dew."
40 God did so that night; for it was dry on the fleece only, and there was dew on all the ground.
Footnotes
- Verse 15 (Lord)
- The word translated "Lord" is "Adonai."
- Verse 19 (Ephah)
- 1 ephah is about 22 litres or about 2/3 of a bushel
- Verse 24 (The LORD is Peace)
- or, Shalom
- Verse 32 (Jerub-Baal)
- "Jerub-Baal" means "Let Baal contend".
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Judges Chapter 6 Guide
After the passing of these forty years, sin again brought punishment. The people passed under the oppression of Midian. It was oppression of the severest kind and lasted for seven years. A terrible picture is drawn of the people of God hiding in dens and caves and strongholds.
In answer to their cry deliverance began. It came through Gideon. He is revealed as a man continuing his work with the bitterness of the whole situation burning like a fire in his bones. He was conscious of the true relation of the people to Jehovah, but equally conscious of the fact that the conditions obtaining were the result of disobedience to the divine government. The words of the angel to him are very significant, "Go in this thy might." This command can be interpreted only in the light of the words immediately following, "Have not I sent thee?"
Thus the deliverer is seen as a man overwhelmingly conscious of the disastrous condition of affairs and yet as definitely conscious of the divine power. It is ever the man who has a double vision of divine intention and human failure who is the man of might and of valor. Moreover, in the consciousness of his own lowliness and insufficiency we discover another element of the greatness of Gideon. He knew that success did not depend on what he was but on what God was. Therefore, submissively to the divine call he erected his altar and seeing through to the prospect of war he called the altar, Jehovah is peace." That is the triumph of faith.
His activity resultant on these convictions is recorded. He began at home. The altar of Baal in connection with his father's house was broken down and the worship of God restored. The second movement was to send out the call. It is in connection with this that we have that remarkable statement that "the Spirit of Jehovah came upon Gideon." Having gone so far, it would seem as though for the moment he became overwhelmed with a sense of fear. Such fear, however, never issues in evil when it drives men to God as it drove Gideon. He asked for signs and they were granted to him.
From "An Exposition of the Whole Bible" by G. Campbell Morgan.
Judges Chapter 6 Commentary
Chapter Outline
- Israel oppressed by Midianites. -- (1-6)
- Israel rebuked by a prophet. -- (7-10)
- Gideon set to deliver Israel. -- (11-24)
- Gideon destroys Baal's altar. -- (25-32)
- Signs given him. -- (33-40)
Verses 1-6
Israel's sin was renewed, and Israel's troubles were repeated. Let all that sin expect to suffer. The Israelites hid themselves in dens and caves; such was the effect of a guilty conscience. Sin dispirits men. The invaders left no food for Israel, except what was taken into the caves. They prepared that for Baal with which God should have been served, now God justly sends an enemy to take it away in the season thereof.
Verses 7-10
They cried to God for a deliverer, and he sent them a prophet to teach them. When God furnishes a land with faithful ministers, it is a token that he has mercy in store for it. He charges them with rebellion against the Lord; he intends to bring them to repentance. Repentance is real when the sinfulness of sin, as disobedience to God, is chiefly lamented.
Verses 11-24
Gideon was a man of a brave, active spirit, yet in obscurity through the times: he is here stirred up to undertake something great. It was very sure that the Lord was with him, when his Angel was with him. Gideon was weak in faith, which made it hard to reconcile the assurances of the presence of God with the distress to which Israel was brought. The Angel answered his objections. He told him to appear and act as Israel's deliverer, there needed no more. Bishop Hall says, While God calls Gideon valiant, he makes him so. God delights to advance the humble. Gideon desires to have his faith confirmed. Now, under the influences of the Spirit, we are not to expect signs before our eyes such as Gideon here desired, but must earnestly pray to God, that if we have found grace in his sight, he would show us a sign in our heart, by the powerful working of his Spirit there, The Angel turned the meat into an offering made by fire; showing that he was not a man who needed meat, but the Son of God, who was to be served and honoured by sacrifice, and who in the fulness of time was to make himself a sacrifice. Hereby a sign was given to Gideon, that he had found grace in God's sight. Ever since man has by sin exposed himself to God's wrath and curse, a message from heaven has been a terror to him, as he scarcely dares to expect good tidings thence. In this world, it is very awful to have any converse with that world of spirits to which we are so much strangers. Gideon's courage failed him. But God spoke peace to him.
Verses 25-32
See the power of God's grace, that he could raise up a reformer; and the kindness of his grace, that he would raise up a deliverer, out of the family of a leader in idolatry. Gideon must not think it enough not to worship at that altar; he must throw it down, and offer sacrifice on another. It was needful he should make peace with God, before he made war on Midian. Till sin be pardoned through the great Sacrifice, no good is to be expected. God, who has all hearts in his hands, influenced Joash to appear for his son against the advocates for Baal, though he had joined formerly in the worship of Baal. Let us do our duty, and trust God with our safety. Here is a challenge to Baal, to do either good or evil; the result convinced his worshippers of their folly, in praying to one to help them that could not avenge himself.
Verses 33-40
These signs are truly miraculous, and very significant. Gideon and his men were going to fight the Midianites; could God distinguish between a small fleece of Israel, and the vast floor of Midian? Gideon is made to know that God could do so. Is Gideon desirous that the dew of Divine grace might come down upon himself in particular? He sees the fleece wet with dew to assure him of it. Does he desire that God will be as the dew to all Israel? Behold, all the ground is wet. What cause we sinners of the Gentiles have, to bless the Lord that the dew of heavenly blessings, once confined to Israel, is now sent to all the inhabitants of the earth! Yet still the means of grace are in different measures, according to the purposes of God. In the same congregation, one man's soul is like Gideon's moistened fleece, another like the dry ground.
From the "Concise Commentary on the Bible" by Matthew Henry.