Jeremiah Chapter 31
1 "At that time," says the LORD, "I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they will be my people."
2 The LORD says, "The people who survive the sword found favour in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest."
3 The LORD appeared of old to me, saying, "Yes, I have loved you with an everlasting love. Therefore I have drawn you with loving kindness.
4 I will build you again, and you will be built, O virgin of Israel. You will again be adorned with your tambourines, and will go out in the dances of those who make merry.
5 Again you will plant vineyards on the mountains of Samaria. The planters will plant, and will enjoy its fruit.
6 For there will be a day that the watchmen on the hills of Ephraim cry, 'Arise! Let's go up to Zion to the LORD our God.' "
7 For the LORD says, "Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout for the chief of the nations. Publish, praise, and say, 'The LORD, save your people, the remnant of Israel!'
8 Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the uttermost parts of the earth, along with the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her who travails with child together. They will return as a great company.
9 They will come with weeping. I will lead them with petitions. I will cause them to walk by rivers of waters, in a straight way in which they won't stumble; for I am a father to Israel. Ephraim is my firstborn.
10 "Hear the LORD's word, you nations, and declare it in the distant islands. Say, 'He who scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd does his flock.'
11 For the LORD has ransomed Jacob, and redeemed him from the hand of him who was stronger than he.
12 They will come and sing in the height of Zion, and will flow to the goodness of the LORD, to the grain, to the new wine, to the oil, and to the young of the flock and of the herd. Their soul will be as a watered garden. They will not sorrow any more at all.
13 Then the virgin will rejoice in the dance; the young men and the old together; for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.
14 I will satiate the soul of the priests with fatness, and my people will be satisfied with my goodness," says the LORD.
15 The LORD says: "A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children. She refuses to be comforted for her children, because they are no more."
16 The LORD says: "Refrain your voice from weeping, and your eyes from tears; for your work will be rewarded," says the LORD. "They will come again from the land of the enemy.
17 There is hope for your latter end," says the LORD. "Your children will come again to their own territory.
18 "I have surely heard Ephraim grieving thus, 'You have chastised me, and I was chastised, as an untrained calf. Turn me, and I will be turned; for you are the LORD my God.
19 Surely after that I was turned. I repented. After that I was instructed. I struck my thigh. I was ashamed, yes, even confounded, because I bore the reproach of my youth.'
20 Is Ephraim my dear son? Is he a darling child? For as often as I speak against him, I still earnestly remember him. therefore my heart yearns for him. I will surely have mercy on him," says the LORD.
21 "Set up road signs. Make guideposts. Set your heart towards the highway, even the way by which you went. Turn again, virgin of Israel. Turn again to these your cities.
22 How long will you go here and there, you backsliding daughter? For the LORD has created a new thing in the earth: a woman will encompass a man."
23 The LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says: "Yet again they will use this speech in the land of Judah and in its cities, when I reverse their captivity: 'The LORD bless you, habitation of righteousness, mountain of holiness.'
24 Judah and all its cities will dwell therein together, the farmers, and those who go about with flocks.
25 For I have satiated the weary soul, and I have replenished every sorrowful soul."
26 On this I awakened, and saw; and my sleep was sweet to me.
27 "Behold, the days come," says the LORD, "that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man and with the seed of animal.
28 It will happen that, like as I have watched over them to pluck up and to break down and to overthrow and to destroy and to afflict, so I will watch over them to build and to plant," says the LORD.
29 "In those days they will say no more, " 'The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge.'
30 But everyone will die for his own iniquity. Every man who eats the sour grapes, his teeth will be set on edge.
31 "Behold, the days come," says the LORD, "that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
32 not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which covenant of mine they broke, although I was a husband to them," says the LORD.
33 "But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days," says the LORD: "I will put my law in their inward parts, and I will write it in their heart. I will be their God, and they shall be my people.
34 They will no longer each teach his neighbour, and every man teach his brother, saying, 'Know the LORD;' for they will all know me, from their least to their greatest," says the LORD: "for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more."
35 The LORD, who gives the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, who stirs up the sea, so that its waves roar; the LORD of Armies is his name, says:
36 "If these ordinances depart from before me," says the LORD, "then the offspring of Israel also will cease from being a nation before me forever."
37 The LORD says: "If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, then I will also cast off all the offspring of Israel for all that they have done," says the LORD.
38 "Behold, the days come," says the LORD, "that the city will be built to the LORD from the tower of Hananel to the gate of the corner.
39 The measuring line will go out further straight onward to the hill Gareb, and will turn towards Goah.
40 The whole valley of the dead bodies and of the ashes, and all the fields to the brook Kidron, to the corner of the horse gate towards the east, will be holy to the LORD. It will not be plucked up or thrown down any more forever."
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Jeremiah Chapter 31 Guide
Continuing, the Prophet dealt with the issues of restoration. He first described the restoration of the city. After affirming the ancient love of Jehovah for His people, he foretold the building of the city, and the planting of "vineyards upon the mountains of Samaria," proceeding to describe the return to the city and the country of the penitent people. He then turned to the surrounding nations, and declared to them the fact that Jehovah had ransomed and redeemed Jacob, foretold their prosperity and rejoicing, and the absolute satisfaction with which He would fill them.
The next movement tells of the passing of sorrow. The prophet first described that sorrow, and then uttered the promise of Jehovah which was intended to assuage the grief and stay the tears. He put into the mouth of Ephraim the language which indicated his sense of the meaning of his chastisement, and declared his repentance, and again affirmed God's memory on him and determination to have mercy on him. He then broke in on the poem with an urgent appeal to the people to turn from backsliding into the way of God's restoration.
Taking up the song again, he celebrated the new contentment which would take possession of the people in the day of return. It would be contentment with the divine government and administration. All the proverbs which seemed to reflect upon Jehovah would be abandoned. He then described the new covenant out of which the new contentment would grow. It would no longer be like the external one made with the fathers, but spiritual and internal, and based on an intimate knowledge of Jehovah.
The last movement of the song consists of the prophet's statement of the oath of restoration in which Jehovah appealed to the signs in the heavens, and repeated His promise of deliverance.
From "An Exposition of the Whole Bible" by G. Campbell Morgan.
Jeremiah Chapter 31 Commentary
Chapter Outline
- The restoration of Israel. -- (1-9)
- Promises of guidance and happiness; Rachel lamenting. -- (10-17)
- Ephraim laments his errors. -- (18-20)
- The promised Saviour. -- (21-26)
- God's care over the church. -- (27-34)
- Peace and prosperity in gospel time. -- (35-40)
Verses 1-9
God assures his people that he will again take them into covenant relation to himself. When brought very low, and difficulties appear, it is good to remember that it has been so with the church formerly. But it is hard under present frowns to take comfort from former smiles; yet it is the happiness of those who, through grace, are interested in the love of God, that it is an everlasting love, from everlasting in the counsels, to everlasting in the continuance. Those whom God loves with this love, he will draw to himself, by the influences of his Spirit upon their souls. When praising God for what he has done, we must call upon him for the favours his church needs and expects. When the Lord calls, we must not plead that we cannot come; for he that calls us, will help us, will strengthen us. The goodness of God shall lead them to repentance. And they shall weep for sin with more bitterness, and more tenderness, when delivered out of their captivity, than when groaning under it. If we take God for our Father, and join the church of the first-born, we shall want nothing that is good for us. These predictions doubtless refer also to a future gathering of the Israelites from all quarters of the globe. And they figuratively describe the conversion of sinners to Christ, and the plain and safe way in which they are led.
Verses 10-17
He that scattered Israel, knows where to find them. It is comfortable to observe the goodness of the Lord in the gifts of providence. But our souls are never valuable as gardens, unless watered with the dews of God's Spirit and grace. A precious promise follows, which will not have full accomplishment except in the heavenly Zion. Let them be satisfied of God's loving-kindness, and they will be satisfied with it, and desire no more to make them happy. Rachel is represented as rising from her grave, and refusing to be comforted, supposing her offspring rooted out. The murder of the children at Bethlehem, by Herod, Matt. 2:16-18, in some degree fulfilled this prediction, but could not be its full meaning. If we have hope in the end, concerning an eternal inheritance, for ourselves and those belonging to us, all temporal afflictions may be borne, and will be for our good.
Verses 18-20
Ephraim (the ten tribes) is weeping for sin. He is angry at himself for his sin, and folly, and frowardness. He finds he cannot, by his own power, keep himself close with God, much less bring himself back when he is revolted. Therefore he prays, Turn thou me, and I shall be turned. His will was bowed to the will of God. When the teaching of God's Spirit went with the corrections of his providence, then the work was done. This is our comfort in affliction, that the Lord thinks upon us. God has mercy in store, rich mercy, sure mercy, suitable mercy, for all who seek him in sincerity.
Verses 21-26
The way from the bondage of sin to the liberty of God's children, is a high-way. It is plain, it is safe; yet none are likely to walk in it, unless they set their hearts towards it. They are encouraged by the promise of a new, unheard-of, extraordinary thing; a creation, a work of Almighty power; the human nature of Christ, formed and prepared by the power of the Holy Ghost: and this is here mentioned as an encouragement to the Jews to return to their own land. And a comfortable prospect is given them of a happy settlement there. Godliness and honesty God has joined: let no man think to put them asunder, or to make the one atone for the want of the other. In the love and favour of God the weary soul shall find rest, and the sorrowful shall find joy. And what can we see with more satisfaction than the good of Jerusalem, and peace upon Israel?
Verses 27-34
The people of God shall become numerous and prosperous. In Heb. 8:8,9, this place is quoted as the sum of the covenant of grace made with believers in Jesus Christ. Not, I will give them a new law; for Christ came not to destroy the law, but to fulfil it; but the law shall be written in their hearts by the finger of the Spirit, as formerly written in the tables of stone. The Lord will, by his grace, make his people willing people in the day of his power. All shall know the Lord; all shall be welcome to the knowledge of God, and shall have the means of that knowledge. There shall be an outpouring of the Holy Spirit, at the time the gospel is published. No man shall finally perish, but for his own sins; none, who is willing to accept of Christ's salvation.
Verses 35-40
As surely as the heavenly bodies will continue their settled course, according to the will of their Creator, to the end of time, and as the raging sea obeys him, so surely will the Jews be continued a separate people. Words can scarcely set forth more strongly the restoration of Israel. The rebuilding of Jerusalem, and its enlargement and establishment, shall be an earnest of the great things God will do for the gospel church. The personal happiness of every true believer, as well as the future restoration of Israel, is secured by promise, covenant, and oath. This Divine love passes knowledge; and to those who take hold upon it, every present mercy is an earnest of salvation.
From the "Concise Commentary on the Bible" by Matthew Henry.