Luke Chapter 13
1 Now there were some present at the same time who told him about the Galileans, whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices.
2 Jesus answered them, "Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans, because they suffered such things?
3 I tell you, no, but unless you repent, you will all perish in the same way.
4 Or those eighteen, on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them; do you think that they were worse offenders than all the men who dwell in Jerusalem?
5 I tell you, no, but, unless you repent, you will all perish in the same way."
6 He spoke this parable. "A certain man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard, and he came seeking fruit on it, and found none.
7 He said to the vine dresser, 'Behold, these three years I have come looking for fruit on this fig tree, and found none. Cut it down. Why does it waste the soil?'
8 He answered, 'Lord, leave it alone this year also, until I dig around it and fertilise it.
9 If it bears fruit, fine; but if not, after that, you can cut it down.' "
10 He was teaching in one of the synagogues on the Sabbath day.
11 Behold, there was a woman who had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years. She was bent over, and could in no way straighten herself up.
12 When Jesus saw her, he called her, and said to her, "Woman, you are freed from your infirmity."
13 He laid his hands on her, and immediately she stood up straight and glorified God.
14 The ruler of the synagogue, being indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath, said to the multitude, "There are six days in which men ought to work. Therefore come on those days and be healed, and not on the Sabbath day!"
15 Therefore the Lord answered him, "You hypocrites! Doesn't each one of you free his ox or his donkey from the stall on the Sabbath, and lead him away to water?
16 Ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham whom Satan had bound eighteen long years, be freed from this bondage on the Sabbath day?"
17 As he said these things, all his adversaries were disappointed and all the multitude rejoiced for all the glorious things that were done by him.
18 He said, "What is God's Kingdom like? To what shall I compare it?
19 It is like a grain of mustard seed which a man took and put in his own garden. It grew and became a large tree, and the birds of the sky live in its branches."
20 Again he said, "To what shall I compare God's Kingdom?
21 It is like yeast, which a woman took and hid in three measures of flour, until it was all leavened."
22 He went on his way through cities and villages, teaching, and travelling on to Jerusalem.
23 One said to him, "Lord, are they few who are saved?" He said to them,
24 "Strive to enter in by the narrow door, for many, I tell you, will seek to enter in and will not be able.
25 When once the master of the house has risen up, and has shut the door, and you begin to stand outside and to knock at the door, saying, 'Lord, Lord, open to us!' then he will answer and tell you, 'I don't know you or where you come from.'
26 Then you will begin to say, 'We ate and drank in your presence, and you taught in our streets.'
27 He will say, 'I tell you, I don't know where you come from. Depart from me, all you workers of iniquity.'
28 There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth when you see Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and all the prophets in God's Kingdom, and yourselves being thrown outside.
29 They will come from the east, west, north, and south, and will sit down in God's Kingdom.
30 Behold, there are some who are last who will be first, and there are some who are first who will be last."
31 On that same day, some Pharisees came, saying to him, "Get out of here, and go away, for Herod wants to kill you."
32 He said to them, "Go and tell that fox, 'Behold, I cast out demons and perform cures today and tomorrow, and the third day I complete my mission.
33 Nevertheless I must go on my way today and tomorrow and the next day, for it can't be that a prophet would perish outside of Jerusalem.'
34 "Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, like a hen gathers her own brood under her wings, and you refused!
35 Behold, your house is left to you desolate. I tell you, you will not see me until you say, 'Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!' "
Footnotes
- Verse 21 (three measures)
- literally, three sata. 3 sata is about 39 litres or a bit more than a bushel.
- Verse 35
- Psalm 118:26
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Luke Chapter 13 Guide
Someone brought to our Lord an account of a happening which seemed to suggest that those who suffered catastrophe are proved to be "sinners above all." He directly contradicted that view, and in that connection uttered the great parable of the fig tree, revealing the true principles of life.
There follow three full-length portraits: of Jesus, in His attitude toward this woman; of the ruler, and his objection; of the woman herself, a daughter of Abraham under the power of evil.
Luke links two parables of the Kingdom with the rejoicing of the multitude for all the glorious things that were done by Him. The first, the parable of the tree, teaches the growth of the Kingdom into a great power; and the second, the parable of the leaven, its corruption.
Passing on His way our Lord shaved that there are limits to the divine mercy, that there will be those who will not be able to enter in. They will be such as are workers of iniquity. It is only against such that the door is shut.
That truth is emphasized by His lamentation over Jerusalem.
From "An Exposition of the Whole Bible" by G. Campbell Morgan.
Luke Chapter 13 Commentary
Chapter Outline
- Christ exhorts to repentance from the case of the Galileans and others. -- (1-5)
- Parable of the barren fig-tree. -- (6-9)
- The infirm woman strengthened. -- (10-17)
- The parables of the mustard seed, and leaven. -- (18-22)
- Exhortation to enter at the strait gate. -- (23-30)
- Christ's reproof to Herod, and to the people of Jerusalem. -- (31-35)
Verses 1-5
Mention was made to Christ of the death of some Galileans. This tragical story is briefly related here, and is not met with in any historians. In Christ's reply he spoke of another event, which, like it, gave an instance of people taken away by sudden death. Towers, that are built for safety, often prove to be men's destruction. He cautioned his hearers not to blame great sufferers, as if they were therefore to be accounted great sinners. As no place or employment can secure from the stroke of death, we should consider the sudden removals of others as warnings to ourselves. On these accounts Christ founded a call to repentance. The same Jesus that bids us repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand, bids us repent, for otherwise we shall perish.
Verses 6-9
This parable of the barren fig-tree is intended to enforce the warning given just before: the barren tree, except it brings forth fruit, will be cut down. This parable in the first place refers to the nation and people of the Jews. Yet it is, without doubt, for awakening all that enjoy the means of grace, and the privileges of the visible church. When God has borne long, we may hope that he will bear with us yet a little longer, but we cannot expect that he will bear always.
Verses 10-17
Our Lord Jesus attended upon public worship on the sabbaths. Even bodily infirmities, unless very grievous, should not keep us from public worship on sabbath days. This woman came to Christ to be taught, and to get good to her soul, and then he relieved her bodily infirmity. This cure represents the work of Christ's grace upon the soul. And when crooked souls are made straight, they will show it by glorifying God. Christ knew that this ruler had a real enmity to him and to his gospel, and that he did but cloak it with a pretended zeal for the sabbath day; he really would not have them be healed any day; but if Jesus speaks the word, and puts forth his healing power, sinners are set free. This deliverance is often wrought on the Lord's day; and whatever labour tends to put men in the way of receiving the blessing, agrees with the design of that day.
Verses 18-22
Here is the progress of the gospel foretold in two parables, as in Mt 13. The kingdom of the Messiah is the kingdom of God. May grace grow in our hearts; may our faith and love grow exceedingly, so as to give undoubted evidence of their reality. May the example of God's saints be blessed to those among whom they live; and may his grace flow from heart to heart, until the little one becomes a thousand.
Verses 23-30
Our Saviour came to guide men's consciences, not to gratify their curiosity. Ask not, How many shall be saved? But, Shall I be one of them? Not, What shall become of such and such? But, What shall I do, and what will become of me? Strive to enter in at the strait gate. This is directed to each of us; it is, Strive ye. All that will be saved, must enter in at the strait gate, must undergo a change of the whole man. Those that would enter in, must strive to enter. Here are awakening considerations, to enforce this exhortation. Oh that we may be all awakened by them! They answer the question, Are there few that shall be saved? But let none despond either as to themselves or others, for there are last who shall be first, and first who shall be last. If we reach heaven, we shall meet many there whom we little thought to meet, and miss many whom we expected to find.
Verses 31-35
Christ, in calling Herod a fox, gave him his true character. The greatest of men were accountable to God, therefore it became him to call this proud king by his own name; but it is not an example for us. I know, said our Lord, that I must die very shortly; when I die, I shall be perfected, I shall have completed my undertaking. It is good for us to look upon the time we have before us as but little, that we may thereby be quickened to do the work of the day in its day. The wickedness of persons and places which more than others profess religion and relation to God, especially displeases and grieves the Lord Jesus. The judgment of the great day will convince unbelievers; but let us learn thankfully to welcome, and to profit by all who come in the name of the Lord, to call us to partake of his great salvation.
From the "Concise Commentary on the Bible" by Matthew Henry.